Understanding the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen tremendous progress over the years. This growth in AI technology has significantly impacted almost every industry. One of the major beneficiaries of this rapid expansion in AI knowledge is the healthcare industry. This review presents a structured and evolutionary compilation of AI applications in the healthcare domain, tracing three major eras of AI: traditional machine learning models, deep learning models and foundational and multimodal models. This review focuses on representative empirical studies that introduced paradigm shifts in modeling, validation, and deployment. We analyze key application domains including diagnostics, patient management, operational efficiency, and biomedical discovery, while critically examining methodological limitations across eras.