Understanding the Influential Factors in Implementing Integrated Health Programs: A Review

Abstract

This review aims to explore factors affecting implementation of integrated health programs and how NCDs and mental health programs were integrated into existing health systems. A search of major electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Medline, was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. The search used specific word categories related to the study, such as health system integration, health system, program, outcome/output, and perception. The findings of the study indicate that leadership in healthcare, available human resources, training, staff workload, availability of drugs and logistics, and availability of clinical guidelines and treatment protocols play an important role in the successful implementation of integrated health programs. The findings also suggest that integrating non-communicable disease (NCD) services with general health systems could help address accessibility and equity issues. Additionally, the review highlights that integrating mental health services into general health services can effectively reduce stigma, address workforce shortages, and detect mental disorders early. However, challenges like overburdened primary care systems and insufficient training for health workers impede successful implementation.